Create an argument (premise, evidence and conclusion) that will adress Essay

Create an argument (premise, evidence and conclusion) that will adress which policies you would use to FIGHT THE WAR ON TERROR - Essay Example There are two significant reasons for this approach and the first one is that if we go beyond our own laws in the search for terrorists, we would invite international criticism and perhaps even an erosion of support from our allies. The 9/11 attacks were an unjust act of war but as the experiences immediately after the 9/11 attacks show, this American issue NATO into action with the enactment of Article 5 of the NATO treaty (Burke, 2004). Nearly every country in the world wanted to help America and bring the terrorists to justice so much so that the few rouge nations who recognized the Taliban regime quickly became allies to the war against terror. Pakistan was one such country which quickly changed its loyalties from the Taliban to follow western dictates despite the objections which were made by their fundamentalist groups (Burke, 2004). All these things happened simply due to the world seeing that the attack was unjust and as a victim of terrorism, America received all the diplomatic and moral support that it needed to bring the terrorists to justice. Therefore, the American attack on Afghanistan was in line with the constitutional policies of the nation and the attack was supported by the United Nations as well as other international bodies. At that point in time, it was commonly accepted that the culprits of these attacks must be brought to justice. However, later actions taken by America against Iraq and threats against other countries in the Middle East were not seen in a positive light especially when it came to the Europe Union. For instance, the French government was very unhappy about the American decision to enter Iraq and this has weakened the long standing transatlantic alliance (Sterba, 2003). Such policies of not taking our allies into confidence can be quite damaging for our cause and we must continue to gather the support of our allied nations before taking

An analysis of the culture of an organization Essay - 1

An analysis of the culture of an organization - Essay Example 2- introduction of Apple Inc: Apple Inc. is one of the America’s leading multinational organizations. This company is the leading manufacturer of electronic products as well as softwares. Its key products are Macintosh computers and Apple iPods and iPhones. The Apple Inc. company was established in California in April 1976 with the name â€Å"Apple Computers†. As the company expanded its product range to a variety of consumer electronic products, it dropped the word â€Å"Computers† from its name. Now this company is having more than 35000 employees worldwide. In 2008 Apple Inc. did business of more than US$32. 48 billion. Therefore, fortune magazine has regarded Apple as the most admired company of 2008-2009. Apple Inc.’s first ever product was an Apple 1, which was a handmade computer kit made by the co-founder of Apple, Steve Wozniak. It was not introduced publicly as it was not provided with a good graphical user interface. Steve Jobs, another co-found er, convinced Wozniak to introduce this product as a commercial computer. Therefore first ever computer named Apple 1 was sold in1976. After that it passed through a number of stages of modification and got the shape of today’s Apple Computers which is entirely different from Apple 1. After the launch of Apple1 this company got fame and earned a good business. In mid 1980s Apple faced some critical time because of the launch of Apple Lisa which was flopped badly. Also Mac1 and Newton does not earn a good business and resulted in lowering the shares of the company. In 1985, Steve Jobs left Apple Inc. because of having clashes with the CEO of the company. He joined the company again after 14 years when the company was about to bankrupt and was facing many challenges. He came with the intention to save the company. After his return he introduced new organizational culture. Although the company was following the corporate culture but Steve Jobs applied few modifications to that c ulture in order to save the company. The company was facing a critical time due to a number of reasons caused by bad organizational structure. 3-Schein’s Theoretical Model of Organizational Culture: Schein defined culture as an abstraction in which various forces that are generated as a result of some specific situations that are arising in the organization as a part of culture are much more powerful. If these forces are not interpreted initially then they badly affect the structure of the organization. He explained that the culture of an organization is adopted with the passage of time; it is not the matter of days. Therefore, it plays a very important role in the well being of its structure as well as working. Schein’s theory of organizational culture is defined as (Schein, 2004): â€Å"A pattern of shared basic assumptions that a group has learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems.† Schein basically developed a model of organizational culture defined in three levels(Hatch, 1993). Cultural Artifacts: This level is more concerned with the physical behavior

Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone

Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone Title: Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone This essay explores the concepts of fantasy in Lewis Carrolls ‘Alice in Wonderland and J. K Rowlings ‘Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone. Both authors include an emphasis on the genre of contemporary and juvenile fantasy, containing a main character travelling through a magical world different from their original settings. Their adventures do not begin until either character has entered into the fantasy world. Rowlings world is set adjacent to our own, creating a world within a world; the mysterious world of magic inside the mundane world of ‘muggles. In comparison Carroll takes his heroine Alice into Wonderland, a world where logic is turned upside down. The ‘Alice in Wonderland extract is placed near the end of the novel, as Alice discovers the power and madness of the Queen, taking place after Alice has attended the Mad Hatters tea party. Characters, for example, The Mad Hatter show different attitudes throughout so the reader isnt aware of their development. This is due to the (literal and figurative) change in maturity Alice undergoes. Alice experiences an inverted hierarchy, in which animals have a measure of authority, treating Alice as an inferior. Alice discovers that animals are the subjects of an inanimate object. Inanimate objects register below animals in a social hierarchy. The Queen acts as a ruthless ruler ordering her subjects beheadings. She utilises living creatures as objects, (playing croquet using hedgehogs, and flamingos). Wonderland reverses the conventions as inanimate objects rule the land while living creatures are tools. The ‘Harry Potter extract is placed towards the climax of the novel. Within this chapter Harry is serving detention, proving him to be a human hero through his faults and more relatable to a child audience. This significant extract comes after revealing the Forbidden forests mystery as students are prohibited, but are ordered to enter it now. The fantasy elements in ‘Alice are adapted from Carrolls humour and fantasy appealing to both children and adults. It appeals to children due to the fantasy creatures, (i.e. an anthropomorphic rabbit dressed in a waist coat, and playing cards given the ability to speak). Carroll uses mockery and fantasy to appeal to children; Generally Carrolls style does not seem to follow the fantasy genre conventions consist mostly of surreal features, strangely developed fantasy aspects and childhood games. In ‘Harry Potter, Rowling uses elements from the fantasy genre, in its purest form. Rowling incorporates a balance of mythical and traditional creatures strengthening the idea of the magical and mundane worlds co-existing. Incorporating mythical creatures (i.e. three headed dog, Centaurs and Unicorns); the forest becomes more secret, continuing the mood established. References in the extract carry a sense of mystery and mythological creatures are used to complement the European and Greek mythology. The extract also contains medieval references to weaponry following the medieval reference (‘He pulled out an arrow and fitted it into the crossbow). In medieval Europe, the unicorn was often a symbol of pure and selfless womanhood. Themes are presented to the reader, allowing them to understand what is happening. ‘Alice contains themes of manners and the ability of possessing common courtesy, dating back to the nineteenth century. Children in this era were expected to act as miniature adults; this reflects Alices tone of voice. Alice is an independent girl, making her own decisions, using polite expressions (‘its no business of mine.), also maintaining good manners. This indicates her social status, and ability to identify people within her social class and lower. Alice demonstrates a previously unseen courage. She talks to the Queen with great insolence, attacking the illusion of Wonderlands power. Themes within ‘Harry Potter tie in with the novel. Rowling presents a Hogwarts system of detention, (a form of punishment). Loyalty and friendship, (in spite of their circumstances) are shown. Firenze allows Harry to ride upon his back, showing disloyalty to fellow centaurs, however presenting himself as loyal to Harry. Rowling uses a theme of impassivity, when Harry is presented with a ‘hooded figure, through his belief that he is a mere observer. The use of death connects with the issue of ‘good verses evil during Hagrids search for the unicorns killer (Theres summat in here that shouldnt be), and the anonymity of the ‘hooded figure. The spectacle of the dying unicorn is shocking because it is the first death the reader actually witness, but also because the unicorn is a symbol of innocence and purity (‘Always the innocent are the first victims). Death is shown to be something wrongful and horrid whileevil is presented as ruthless and unfair. Voldemor t drinks the unicorns blood to sustain his own life. Characters in ‘Harry Potter address each other through typical twentieth century styles. (‘He walked forward and shook the centaurs hand). However the centaurs speech is formal, using old-fashioned language (‘Good evening to you, Hagrid), giving the impression of wisdom, linked with the mythical theme. The formality of Banes greeting is reinforced by the conventional interrogative, (‘I hope you are well?). Rowlings use of inverted syntax reinforce the archaic formality (‘Students, are you, Always the innocent are the first victims). Rowling uses idioms in narration (Hermiones jaw dropped) and in dialogue by Hagrid (‘Harry potter an Hermione Ganger, by the way. Students up at the school), the syntax in the extract strengthens the old-fashioned language used by Ronan (‘the forest hides secrets), giving the impression of knowledge reinforced by the balancing phrases by repetition and lack of contradictions. In the extract, the narration is omnis cient, with conventions of writing in third person. Neither author makes a personal comment, remaining neutral. However Rowlings use of a second person narrative, suggests internal thoughts of Harry. However in ‘Alice, narration dominates the extract. There is little dialogue compared to ‘Harry Potter. In these description there are few adjectives used. Whereas In ‘Harry Potter dialogue is frequently used, containing less narration compared to ‘Alice. More description can be found in the narration than the dialogue. Rowlings syntax use a balance of interrogative and directive, while simple sentences (due to the direct speech), are used more often continued by complex, minor and compound structures. This follows the conventions of the genre, and the set style. The majority of syntax used by Carroll consists of complex sentences. This is a style feature continued throughout the novel. Carroll rarely uses simple sentences, contrasting to Rowling. In ‘Alice Carroll uses a clear exploration of language when influencing the mood of the extract. Carrolls use of language shows Alice to be intelligent, while the simplicity in diction show her to be a little girl. Carroll explores the issue of identity through Alices ability to reason, even though she doubts herself. Carroll does this by placing Alice in different situations, demonstrating how she learns a new manner of conversation. In ‘Harry Potter Rowling‘s uses of syntax consists of simple sentence structures due to direct speech, continued then by complex, minor and compound. Throughout extracts there is a frequent use of complex while a rare use of simple structures. In ‘Alice it is Carrolls fascination with language and logic that influence the mood of the novel. In the extract Carroll presents suspense and tension, with the Queens arrival. While in ‘Harry Potter the language creates a sinister mood, carrying suspense, which is focused on, yet left unexplained in the extract. The lexis in ‘Alice is limited, compared to ‘Harry Potter. This is because there is a lack of actions through Carrolls vocabulary limited to descriptions (i.e. ‘suddenly). Conjunctions except for ‘and are used rarely, while adverbs are used, but varied. Adjectives appear not to use vivid descriptions, only limited to ‘small or ‘large. Verbs lack variety some used to reflect Alices childish nature. In language, ‘Harry Potter there is a variety of adjectives, verbs and adverbs to reinforce the vocabulary associated closely with the characters and their traits (‘said Hermione faintly, ‘Hagrid said irritably). The way the author sets apart characters dialogue, allow the readers to recognise the characters by their speech. When making Hagrids speech characteristics, Rowling uses omissions (‘cant be too careful, Ronan), use of contradictions (‘anythin) and phonetically speech through lexis (‘yerself, ‘bin hurt bad). Adjectives are grouped together in pairs (‘long reddish tail), while the comparative adjectives are grouped together in threes (black-haired and (black) bodied and wilder-looking). The uses of verbs are associated with characters or creatures. Personification is used to discuss the Forest, (‘Forest hides many secrets) and comparisons (‘sounded like a cloak trailing along the ground). The Graphology in ‘Alice follows the established convention in earlier chapters. Semi Colons are used in complex sentences, instead of full stop, separating clauses in a list. Colons are used to introduce further clarification (‘he was in livery: otherwise). Italics are used to emphasise a specific point, (‘For instance, if you were inside.), dashes are used to indicate pauses and clarification, and to introduce free indirect speech, sometimes an authorial voice. (‘extraordinary noise going on within- a constant howling and sneezing). Exclamation marks appear in Alices speech; elsewhere in direct speech, by the playing cards (‘your business!) as an emotive function of the language spoken in direct speech, but not in narration. Graphology in ‘Harry Potter follows the conventions of the genre. Question and exclamation are used due to the tense mood Rowling places her characters in, (‘Show yerself Im armed!). Dashes indicate further explanation in the extract, introduce free direct speech and to show hesitation (‘unicorn bin injured would yeh, ‘Erm). Commas, a conventional parenthesis, are used to separate adjective pairings, clauses, and add emphasis within a sentence. Apostrophes are used to explain Hagrids speech, (containing colloquialism) and the contradictions he uses. In ‘Alice apostrophes are used in narration and speech. However Italics are used by both authors to emphasise a specific point. (‘Are there many of them in here?). Finally both authors combine traditional and cultural themes. Stylistically ‘Alice appeals more to adults, due to its density in dialogue and morals; it highlights morals and childish logic which adults find amusing. ‘Harry Potter is widely accessible to many audiences, using fantasy to capture all readers attentions. Contextual Spelling Check 5 alerts Commonly confused words OK Spelling 5 alerts Grammar 56 alerts Use of articles 2 alerts Use of conjunctions OK Use of nouns OK Incorrect use of numbers OK Incorrect use of prepositions OK Pronoun agreement 1 alert Use of adjectives and adverbs 1 alert Comparing two or more things 2 alerts Faulty parallelism 2 alerts Confusing modifiers OK Incorrect use of negatives OK Use of qualifiers and quantifiers OK Subject and verb agreement 4 alerts Verb agreement OK Verb form use OK Modal verbs OK Conditional sentences OK Other 1 alert Sentence structure 4 alerts Wordiness 6 alerts Passive voice use 33 alerts Punctuation 14 alerts Punctuation within a sentence 12 alerts Closing punctuation 1 alert Formal punctuation OK Capitalization 1 alert Style and Word Choice 16 alerts Writing style 2 alerts Vocabulary use 14 alerts WordBooster Suggestions 202 WordBooster 202

The True Tragic Hero of Creon in Sophocles Antigone Essay -- Papers S

The True Tragic Hero of Creon in Sophocles' Antigone There has always been a great debate over who is the true tragic hero in Sophocles' Antigone. Many scholars would stake claim to Antigone possessing all the necessary characteristics of a true tragic hero, but many others would argue that Creon holds many qualities as well. It is hard to discount Antigone as a tragic hero, because in fact, the play bears her name, but from careful reading, Creon meets Aristotle's criteria exactly and fits perfectly into the role. In order to determine whether or not Creon is the true tragic hero, one must answer the question: 'What is a Tragic Hero?' In Aristotle's Poetics, he discusses the basic criteria regarding a tragic hero. Aristotle states that tragic heroes must have a 'high' status or social position; characters must not be perfect, although, the character is pre-eminently good; they must have a single flaw that brings about their own demise and that of the others around them. Aristotle also mentions another quality of a tragic hero , which is that the character arouses pity in the audience usually because the punishment exceeds the crime and the hero is alive to face his suffering in order to achieve some self-recognition. After reviewing all these critera, it should be clear that Creon is the true tragic hero. First, Aristotle suggests that a tragic hero must occupy a ?high? status position, but must also possess nobility and virtue as part of the hero's character. Creon fits this description quite accurately. At the beginning of the play; in the Time and Scene section, it says that, ?Creon, is now king of Thebes.? This quote shows that he occupies a strong status position and stature of nobility. Creon also pro... ...h ruler and should be punished in the same matter that he ruled. Creon made a choice, a choice he thought was the right one. It turned out that this choice warranted an unjustly punishment. Creon?s punishment exceeds the crime; is one who has excessive pride and arrogance, like many of us, to suffer a lonely and hated life? Should we pity him? Creon fits all of Aristotle?s criteria to perfection. He is a good king with a high stature, although he is not perfect in his actions. The excessive pride sets the stage for his major flaw. This pride leads to his downfall and that of his family. Creon reaches a period of recognition for his actions. Lastly, his punishment was overly harsh compared to his crime. According to Aristotle, Creon is a striking match to fit the role of a tragic hero. Works Cited: Sophocles. Antigone. Trans. D. W. Myatt. 1994.

A Fast Way to a Fast Food Essay

According to a recent survey, the UK is particularly fond of fast food. Many people turn to fast food as it is quick, convenient, and relatively cheap even though there are many concerns over public health and obesity. With a large number of fast food chains available, how do likes of McDonald’s, Subway, and Pret. A merger maintain their market share at a time when people are cutting back on their spending? In the 10 largest UK cities, the number of fast-food outlets increased by 8,2 percent, to 1.456 in 2009 (the highest growth occurred in London, Edinburgh, and Glasgow). Among the UK’s biggest chains, Subway grew faster than others. The number of Subway restaurants increased by 25,9 percent to 734 in 2009. In the same year, Domino’s pizza (DPZ) increased its outlets by 19,8 percent to 260 and E A T increased its outlets by 17,8 percent to 86. The growth of these chains is considered as a success particularly when competing against other giant chains such as McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, and Wimpy’s. Although fast food chains provide quick and efficient service, their operation models are different. In the traditional model, like Mc Donald’s, customers enter the restaurant, study the menu panels for a short period, and stand in the shortest line (behind the many counters). When the customer reaches the front of the line, he or she places an order, pays at the register, and collects the food within few minutes. When, a customer requests a nonstandard item, for example a burger with no tomatoes or extra bacon and cheese, the order is not available in the prestocked food area. The counterperson calls the order in to the production area. The item is then prepared to order as a priority. The waiting time is a bit longer in this case. Not all fast food chains in the UK follow the same customer service operational model. They have tried some innovative ideas to serve customers quicker and have more options and flexibility. In Subway, sandwich is prepared right in front of the customer, where the customer can select what type of bread, size, and sandwich fillings. The sandwich is normally ready in a couple of minutes and passed to the customer as soon as the customer pays for the food. Domino’z Pizza offers home delivery for a wide range of its pizzas, which can be personalized as well, in less than 20 minutes, while it does not charge for the delivery. Pizza Hut offers an open buffet as part of its service, to reduce the workload on its staff and give its customers more options with less price. In Pret A Manger and EAT, a set of sandwiches, salads, and desserts are assembled each day and stocked in the front of the shop where the customers select and pay for their meals. The stock level is then replenished during the day in line with demand. The aim is to continually meet the high quality and freshness standards. If any of the product assembled that day have not sold by the time the store closes, they are given to local charities rather than being stored and sold the following day.

Hybrid technology Essay

Rising oil prices, relatively rigid mileage limits, and a huge oil imports have forced the world to search for alternate and efficient transportation technologies. A number of options have been searched and looked for in this respect that range from electric, ethanol, fuel cell to solar energy operated vehicles. Among all the technologies developed and tried, one of the most promising and industry popular technology is hybrid vehicle technology that is finding support among government and public as well for its environment friendly and economic advantages. Hybrid Technology. As the name suggests, hybrid technology combine dual technologies in vehicles for their operation. Technically they are hybrid electric vehicle with an electric motor that drives the vehicle (Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 2002, 41 ). In the case of a typical electric vehicle, hydrogen fuel cell or chemical batteries such as advanced sealed lead battery, nickel cadmium and lithium ion are used for auxiliary power (Aldrich, 1996). However in the hybrid electric vehicles, the electric drive technology is combined with a gasoline-based power generator for running the electric motor and charging the batteries. Hybrid vehicles are either full hybrid or mid hybrid. A full hybrid vehicle can move forward from standstill purely on electric power while a mid hybrid requires gasoline power for initial movement, although both technologies concentrate on maximum utilization of electric motor power while reducing the use of gasoline as far as possible (Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 2002, 41). The electric motor and internal combustion engine (ICE) are connected either in parallel or in series in a hybrid vehicle. In parallel hybrid cars, power to engine is supplied by both the electric motor and internal combustion engine while in the series hybrid car the gasoline engine powers the electric motor and batteries to generate electricity, without directly providing power for the vehicle (Aldrich, 1996). There is another category of hybrid vehicles, called as ‘plug-in hybrid’ that can operate as a full electric vehicle. They require some additional batteries and use electricity net to charge the batteries thereby minimizing gasoline use to its lowest possible levels (Aldrich, 1996). All hybrid electric vehicle use computer that constantly monitors speed, power required and charge conditions of batteries (Aldrich, 1996). Hybrid vehicles offer numerous benefits over the conventional gasoline based ICE, some of which are (; Sanna, 2007, 12; Aldrich, 1996, 88 ) 1. Hybrid vehicles are extremely fuel efficient, with most of the driving thrust coming from electric power. 2. Unlike electric cars, they offer unlimited range of traveling and transportation 3. Hybrid technology is combination of the proven technology of ICE with electric motors, thus giving it reliability in the market. 4. Hybrid technology can be used in various sectors of transportation, from personal vehicles to heavy duty vehicles. In fact, both the major US car manufacturers, GM and Ford have come out with a range of hybrid vehicles, that are successful in market. 5. Plug in -Hybrid technology is even more fuel conserving and environmentally benign, cutting down CO2 emission by more than 30 % while using minimum possible use of gasoline. Hybrid vehicles offer the most reliable alternate technology which US can capitalize upon without risking any major upheaval in its current fuel-technology structure. These vehicles promise to drastically reduce fuel oil consumption, reducing the needs of oil imports, meanwhile purchasing time for completely oil free technology. Reference Aldrich, Bob.. ABCs of AFVs: a guide to alternative fuel vehicles. California Energy Commission, Sacramento-CA. April 1996. 1st Feb 2007 http://www. p2pays. org/ref/26/25156. pdf Sanna Lucy. Driving the Solution: Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles. EPRI Journal. 1st Feb 2007. Hoogma Recmo, Rene Kemp, John Schot, Bernhard Truffer. Experimenting for Sustainable Transport: The Approach of Strategic Niche Management. : Spon Press: New York: 2002. 36.

Educating Rita Essays

Educating Rita Essays Educating Rita Essay Educating Rita Essay Essay Topic: Literature Educating Rita is a play about a woman who is determined to get a liberal education which will open a full new life for her. Educating Rita was a play written by Willy Russell in 1985 and the play is set at a university in the North of England. There are many themes that run through the play including: Personal relationships, Educating, Contrasts and clashes of culture and Differences. Willy Russell was born in Liverpool from a working class background. As a youngster Russell first was a hairdressers apprentice but later made and ran his own salon. Only when Russell became an adult did he begin to think about further education. Now Russell is a very famous play write and novelist and has constructed many fine plays and novels throughout his career including: the blood brothers, our day out and many more. The leading characters in the play Rita follows Russells background we know this because Russell before himself was a hairdresser and then though about further education as does Rita. The Play has only two characters Frank and Rita and only one setting; Franks office at the Open University. This unique feature of Russells play is very effective in building a relationship between the audience and his main characters. By having only two characters he allows the audience to fully engage themselves in the lives and personalities of each character and understand them in depth. Furthermore by have only two main characters this makes the whole play easier to follow and understand since having several characters can be confusing. This is an example of visual humour. When Rita bursts through the door, it is very loud humour, and quite dramatic. There is no way that you could miss the hilarity of it. When Rita opens the door to find Frank surrounded by tea chests, it is bittersweet humour. Frank looks lost, and apart from the initial humour of the amusing picture of him surrounded by tea chests, there is sadness behind it. The entrances represent the power switch from Frank to Rita. When Rita cannot open the door, it shows the class barrier that she has to break through to follow her dream. When she manages to get through the door and bursts through it, it shows her eagerness to get started. The way that she was not used to the handle on Franks door shows the way that she was in new surroundings, which she is not yet comfortable in. When she confidently opens the door in the final scene, it shows that as she has become more confident and comfortable with her surroundings, Frank has continually become more lost. He is now the one who needs help, not Rita. Man who shifts a lot of booze and the quote from Rita from 2,7 is If you had threepence back for all these bottles, you could buy Australia! When reading the stage directions, you have to remember that the audience watching the play would hear the slurred voice of Frank, and not just be told how it would sound. When the audience saw Frank in 2,7, it would be funny for them to see all the empty whisky bottles hidden amongst his bookcase. This is an example of visual humour. This shows the change in relationship. In 1,1 we are laughing light-heartedly at Frank in his drunken state, but n 2,7 we are laughing ironically at Frank, as we cannot help thinking about what Rita said. We know that if he had not drunk all the bottles of whisky in the first place, then he would not be going to Australia in the first place. In some of the play, humour comes from confusion. It also comes from Rita being uneducated, ignorant and having a limited vocabulary. An example of this is when in 1,1, Frank asks for Ritas name using the phrase You are? Rita replied with Im a what? . Rita also confuses Forster with Foster. In 2,7 Frank says that Fosters lager is named after H. E Forster, but spelt wrong. When Rita is being laughed at, the humour comes from confusion, and the audience can understand the mistakes being made. When Frank makes the joke about Fosters beer, its fully intentional, and we laugh, unusually, at someone other than Frank or Rita. We laugh at the Australians. This reflects the power share because in 1,1, we laugh at Rita because she is neither sure of herself nor educated. When we laugh at Frank it is because he is beginning to become out of place where we believed he belonged. The mistakes, which Rita made, were written in this way because of her background. Willy Russell believes that The masses have not accepted literacy. This applies to Rita because what she reads may be classed as trash by some, and would not be classed as literature by anyone else. As far as Willy Russell is concerned, she is one of the masses who is trying to accept literature. This accounts for her lack of knowledge. Painting mental pictures also plays a part in the humour in Educating Rita. In 1,1, Rita allows us to paint a mental picture of her swearing at her customers Y know when Im in the hairdressers- thats where I work- Ill say something like, Oh, Im really fucked, y know, dead loud. It doesnt half cause a fuss. In 2,7, Frank describes to us his very drunken night out. When the audience are watching the play, this is the type of humour, which allows them to do the imagining for themselves. In 1,1, they laugh at Rita because of her unsophisticated ways in her old life, just how she is at the beginning of the play. When Frank tells them the story of his drunken night out, our immediate reaction is to laugh at a Geriatric Hippie out on the town. Once this initial picture has left the minds of the audience, they realise it is a weak Frank, sinking down in the world. Sex and swearing also created humour in Educating Rita. In 1,1 you hear Ritas reaction on observing a painting, and bluntly saying Look at those tits! When she hears the book title Howards End she thinks that it sounds rude. In 2,7 she uses the phrase Bugger the bursar. They are both the humour of embarrassment. We still get embarrassed when others talk about sex and swear, especially in a formal setting such as a theatre, where we would be in front of others. Even though we are happy enough to talk about sex, and swear amongst ourselves. Even the two examples in 1,1 are different. The first quote is open and direct. It leaves little to the imagination. The second quote is a sexual innuendo, which we have to work out ourselves. In 2,7 the phrase Bugger the bursar may cause a giggle from the audience as they see a picture of this in their heads. This shows the change in relationship, as in the beginning Rita spoke her mind outright. Towards the end, she began to think more about what she was saying. And even though the phrase about the bursar she used sounds like something she may have said in the beginning, one has to remember that in a sense she is just quoting Frank from 2,3,, Willy Russell shows the difficulties that lower class citizens faced when trying to get an education. He believed that there was with-holding of culture carried out by the upper class towards the lower class. In this play, he shows the success of a lower class woman, two factors which would have provided a hindrance to Rita at the time, in getting a good education, and whilst doing this, showing the failure of a well educated upper class man, who would have been thought of at the time as at the top end of society. This play shows Willy Russell trying to break the mould of who could get an education, and similarly that just because you have a good education, it doesnt mean that you will be a success. I think that these two scenes, even though they use similar types of humour, are extremely distanced, both in content and in the roles of the characters in the scene. This is because the humour is changing direction from one scene to the other. In both of the scenes, the type of humour the character uses expresses their personal feeling successfully. In the first scene, we laugh at Rita because she seems so out of place. In 2,7 we laugh at Frank ironically, because he seems to have lost everything. The tone of the humour also changes. In 1, it is light-hearted and fun. In 2,7 it is ironic, bittersweet and more serious humour, which even though we laugh at, we know we should be feeling sorry for Frank, even though he has bought everything upon himself.